When can a child choose his own medical treatment [with the guidance of parents-but not religiously dictated]?

An Accomack circuit judge ordered a new trial for Aug. 16 to decide whether Cherrix can choose his treatment. The judge threw out a juvenile-court ruling that ordered Cherrix to show up for conventional treatment at Children's Hospital of the Kings Daughters in Norfolk.

Black's Law Dictionary:
Neglected child. A child is "neglected" when his parent or custodian, by reason of cruelty, mental incapacity, immorality or depravity, is unfit properly to care for him, or neglects or refuses to provide necessary physical, affectional, medical, surgical, or institutional or hospital care for him, or he is in such condition of want or suffering, or is under such improper care or control as to endanger his morals or health.

Having faced a whole lot of it this year, I think I see a system/society that is very afraid of death. The very definition of neglect is inherently afraid of death. But how does it guard against it? Majority rule? Who gets to decide? And what is "necessary" medical or hospital care?